Percutaneous image-guided management of a misplaced pericardiocentesis catheter into the inferior vena cava.

Misplacement of pericardiocentesis catheter in central veins is a rare complication that can be managed with several methods. In this case, we report a percutaneous image-guided plug-assisted management of a misplaced pericardiocentesis catheter into the inferior vena cava through a transhepatic tract successfully occluded. This minimally invasive technique was not previously described in this setting and had a favorable long-term outcome.

Clinical case of a minimally invasive technique guided by imaging to fix a complication of a misplaced drainage catheter for pericardial hemorrhageThis clinical case reports how to manage, using a minimally invasive technique guided by imaging, an accidental puncture of the liver and the inferior vena cava during a pericardial hemorrhage drainage. The outcome was good, with technical success and a favorable outcome for the patient.

Preoperative Spinal Arterial Supply Mapping Using Non-Selective Cone Beam Computed Tomography before Complex Aortic Repair.

Pre-op spinal arterial mapping is crucial for complex aortic repair. This study explores the utility of non-selective cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for pre-operative spinal arterial mapping to identify the Adamkiewicz artery (AKA) in patients undergoing open or endovascular repair of the descending thoracic or thoracoabdominal aorta at risk of spinal cord ischemia. Pre-operative non-selective dual-phase CBCT after intra-aortic contrast injection was performed in the aortic segment to be treated. The origin of detected AKA was assessed based on image fusion between CBCT and pre-interventional computed tomography angiography. Then, the CBCT findings were compared with the incidence of postoperative spinal cord ischemia (SCI). Among 21 included patients (median age: 68 years, 20 men), AKA was detected in 67% within the explored field of view, predominantly from T7 to L1 intercostal and lumbar arteries. SCI occurred in 14%, but none when AKA was not detected (p < 0.01). Non-selective CBCT for AKA mapping is deemed safe and feasible, with potential predictive value for post-surgical spinal cord ischemia risk. The study concludes that non-selective aortic CBCT is a safe and feasible method for spinal arterial mapping, providing promising insights into predicting post-surgical SCI risk.

Determinants of ventricular arrhythmias in sickle cell anemia: toward better prevention of sudden cardiac death.

Sudden death is 1 of the leading causes of death in adults with sickle cell anemia (SCA) but its etiology remains mostly unknown. Ventricular arrhythmia (VA) carries an increased risk of sudden death; however, its prevalence and determinants in SCA are poorly studied. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and predictors of VA in patients with SCA. From 2019 to 2022, 100 patients with SCA were referred to the physiology department to specifically analyze cardiac function and prospectively included in the DREPACOEUR registry. They underwent a 24-hour electrocardiogram monitoring (24h-Holter), transthoracic echocardiography, and laboratory tests on the same day. The primary end point was the occurrence of VA, defined as sustained or nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (VT), >500 premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) on 24h-Holter, or a recent history of VT ablation. The mean patient age was 46 ± 13 years, and 48% of the patients were male. Overall, VA was observed in 22 (22%) patients. Male sex (81% vs 34%; P = .02), impaired global longitudinal strain (GLS): -16% ± 1.9% vs -18.3% ± 2.7%; P = .02), and decreased platelet count (226 ± 96 giga per liter [G/L] vs 316 ± 130 G/L) were independently associated with VA. GLS correlated with PVC load every 24 hours (r = 0.39; P < .001) and a cutoff of -17.5% could predict VA with a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 63%. VAs are common in patients with SCA, especially in men. This pilot study uncovered GLS as a valuable parameter for improving rhythmic risk stratification.

Accuracy and reproducibility of a cone beam CT-based virtual parenchymal perfusion algorithm in the prediction of SPECT/CT anatomical and volumetric results during the planification of radioembolization for HCC.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate anatomical and volumetric predictability of a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based virtual parenchymal perfusion (VPP) software for the single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT imaging results during the work-up for transarterial radioembolization (TARE) procedure in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: VPP was evaluated retrospectively on CBCT data of patients treated by TARE for HCC. 99mTc macroaggregated albumin particles (99mTc-MAA) uptake territories on work-up SPECT/CT was used as ground truth for the evaluation. Semi-quantitative evaluation consisted of the ranking of visual consistency of the parenchymal enhancement and portal vein tumoral involvement on VPP and 99mTc-MAA SPECT/CT, using a three-rank scale and two-rank scale, respectively. Inter-reader agreement was evaluated using a kappa coefficient. Quantitative evaluation included absolute volume error calculation and Pearson correlation between volumes enhanced territories on VPP and 99mTc-MAA SPECT/CT. RESULTS: Fifty-two CBCTs were performed in 33 included patients. Semi-quantitative evaluation showed a good concordance between actual 99mTc-MAA uptake and the virtual enhanced territories in 73% and 75% of cases; a mild concordance in 12% and 10% and a poor concordance in 15%, for the two readers. Kappa coefficient was 0.86. Portal vein involvement evaluation showed a good concordance in 58.3% and 66.7% for the two readers, respectively, with a kappa coefficient of 0.82. Quantitative evaluation showed a volume error of 0.46 ± 0.78 mL [0.01-3.55], and Pearson R2 factor at 0.75 with a p value < 0.01. CONCLUSION: CBCT-based VPP software is accurate and reliable to predict 99mTc-MAA SPECT/CT anatomical and volumetric results in HCC patients during TARE. KEY POINTS: • Virtual parenchymal perfusion (VPP) software is accurate and reliable in the prediction of 99mTc-MAA SPECT volumetric and targeting results in HCC patients during transarterial radioembolization (TARE). • VPP software may be used per-operatively to optimize the microcatheter position for 90Y infusion allowing precise tumor targeting while preserving non-tumoral parenchyma. • Post-operatively, VPP software may allow an accurate estimation of the perfused volume by each arterial branch and, thus, a precise 90Y dosimetry for TARE procedures.

Postinflammatory rupture of right coronary artery ostium complicating Behçet disease.

INTRODUCTION: Behçet disease (BD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, characterized by variable clinical manifestations. METHODS: A 28-year-old woman with BD Cardiovascular and Bipolar Disorder underwent emergency surgical treatment of ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm for ruptured right coronary ostium.A modified Bentall procedure with tricuspid annuloplasty, surgical thrombectomy, and a single coronary artery bypass using a saphenous vein graft was performed. A biological prosthesis was used initially but subsequently deteriorated. We then successfully performed a valve-in-valve (ViV) transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). RESULTS: The postoperative recovery was uneventful and at follow-up, two years post valve procedure, the patient was completely symptom-free. She remains under long-term medical surveillance. CONCLUSION: The management of BD with cardiac involvement must be led by a multidisciplinary team.

The use of cardiac computed tomography angiography in the assessment of percutaneous left atrial appendage closure - Review and experts recommendations endorsed by the Société française d'imagerie cardiaque et vasculaire diagnostique et interventionnelle.

Atrial fibrillation is the most common cause of arrhythmia which is responsible for over 15% of ischemic strokes, most of these being secondary to migration of a left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus. In patient with contraindication to anticoagulant therapy, percutaneous closure system placement may be indicated. Cardiac computed tomography (CT) angiography plays a central role in the initial assessment as well as in the follow-up. The purpose of the pre-implantation cardiac CT angiography is to evaluate the anatomy of the LAA in order to select the most suitable prosthesis and check for any contraindication to device implantation. Image analysis is divided into four steps that include analysis of the approach; search for a thrombus in the LAA; investigation of the anatomy of the LAA (morphology of the LAA, dimensions of the LAA and choice of device) and cardiac and thoracic assessments. Follow-up involves CT examination to check for correct placement of the device and to detect any complications. On the basis of the results of currently available published research, a panel of experts has issued recommendations regarding cardiac CT angiography prior to percutaneous LAA closure device placement, which were further endorsed by the Société française d'imagerie cardiaque et vasculaire diagnostique et interventionnelle (SFICV).

Diagnostic Value of Extracellular Volume Quantification and Myocardial Perfusion Analysis at CT in Cardiac Amyloidosis.

Background CT can provide information regarding myocardial perfusion and expansion of the extracellular space, which is relevant to patients with cardiac amyloidosis (CA). Purpose To evaluate the role of CT in the diagnosis and prognosis of CA. Materials and Methods In this prospective study (Commission National de l'Informatique et des Libertés registration no. 1431858), participants with CA, participants with nonamyloid cardiac hypertrophy (NACH), and participants without hypertrophy were included between April 2017 and December 2018. The confirmed diagnosis of CA was determined according to established criteria (ie, proven with positive bone scintigraphy or endomyocardial biopsy). All participants were imaged with dynamic CT perfusion imaging at whole-heart cardiac CT. Extracellular volume measured at CT and myocardial perfusion parameters calculated on CT perfusion maps were compared among different participant groups. Differences between continuous data were tested using the unpaired t test, Mann-Whitney rank-sum test, or the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results A total of 84 participants with CA, 43 participants with NACH, and 33 participants without hypertrophy were included. Participants with CA exhibited a higher value of extracellular volume measured at CT (mean, 54.7% ± 9.7 [standard deviation]) than participants with NACH (mean, 34.6% ± 9.1; P < .001) and participants without hypertrophy (mean, 35.9% ± 9.9; P = .001). Mean myocardial blood volume and mean myocardial blood flow were lower in participants with CA (mean myocardial blood volume: 4.05 mL/100 g of myocardium ± 0.80; mean myocardial blood flow: 73.2 mL/100 g of myocardium per minute ± 25.7) compared to participants with NACH (mean myocardial blood volume: 5.38 mL/100 g of myocardium ± 1.20, P < .001; mean myocardial blood flow: 89.6 mL/100 g of myocardium per minute ± 31.3, P = .007) and participants without hypertrophy (mean myocardial blood volume: 5.68 mL/100 g of myocardium ± 1.05; mean myocardial blood flow: 106.3 mL/100 g of myocardium per minute ± 29.8; P < .001 for both). Extracellular volume measured at CT (hazard ratio >0.56 vs ≤0.56 = 4.2 [95% CI: 1.4, 11.8]), mean slope (hazard ratio ≤3.0 sec-1 vs >3.0 sec-1 = 0.2 [95% CI: 0.1, 0.8]), and time to peak (hazard ratio >20 seconds vs ≤20 seconds = 11.6 [95% CI: 1.3, 101.6]) were predictive of mortality in participants with CA. Conclusion Participants with cardiac amyloidosis exhibited an increase in extracellular volume at CT and abnormal CT perfusion parameters. Extracellular volume and several perfusion parameters were predictive of mortality. © RSNA, 2021 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Zimmerman in this issue.

Diagnostic Performance of Transesophageal Echocardiography and Cardiac Computed Tomography in Infective Endocarditis.

BACKGROUND: Multimodality imaging is essential for infective endocarditis (IE) diagnosis. The aim of this work was to evaluate the agreement between transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and cardiac computed tomography (CT) findings in patients with surgically confirmed IE. METHODS: Sixty-eight patients (mean age 63 ± 2 years) with a definite diagnosis of left-side IE according to the modified European Society of Cardiology Duke criteria, on both native and prosthetic valves, underwent TEE and cardiac CT before surgery. The presence of valvular (vegetations, erosion) and paravalvular (abscess, pseudoaneurysm) IE-related lesions were compared between both modalities. Perioperative inspection was used as reference. RESULTS: TEE performed better than CT in detecting valvular IE-related lesions (TEE area under the curve [AUCTEE] = 0.881 vs AUCCT = 0.720, P = .02) and was similar to CT with respect to paravalvular IE-related lesions (AUCTEE = 0.830 vs AUCCT = 0.816, P = .835). The ability of TEE to detect vegetation was significantly better than that of CT (AUCTEE = 0.863 vs AUCCT = 0.693, P = .02). The maximum size of vegetations was moderately correlated between modalities (Spearman's rho = 0.575, P < .001). Computed tomography exhibited higher sensitivity than TEE for pseudoaneurysm detection (100% vs 66.7%, respectively) but was similar with respect to diagnostic accuracy (AUCTEE = 0.833 vs AUCCT = 0.984, P = .156). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with a definite diagnosis of left-side IE according to the modified European Society of Cardiology Duke criteria, TEE performed better than CT for the detection of valvular IE-related lesions and similar to CT for the detection of paravalvular IE-related lesions.

Floating thrombus in the ascending aorta revealed by peripheral arterial embolism.

A floating thrombus in the ascending aorta is rarely found in clinical practice and is an uncommon cause of peripheral arterial embolization. When there is minimal atherosclerosis or a normal aorta, the management of such a lesion is poorly defined. Currently, there is no clear consensus concerning optimal treatment. Herein, we report 2 cases of ascending aortic thrombus that are complicated by a peripheral embolic event. Due to the risk of recurrent systemic embolism, particularly with strokes, surgical thrombectomy with ascending aortic wall replacements was performed. We believe that floating ascending aorta thrombus represents a serious source of systemic embolism and stroke. Surgical removal is easy to perform with good clinical outcomes. Conservative treatments such as anticoagulation or thromboaspiration may be considered in high-risk or inoperable patients.

Parallel Guidewire for Catheter Stabilization in Interventional Radiology: The Anchoring Wire Technique.

This technical note describes the parallel guidewire method: the anchoring technique as a strategy to ease difficult catheterization in various endovascular interventions. Sixteen patients were included in 2017 in whom this technique was used. The type of intervention, the nature of the target and anchored vessels and possible complications on the anchored vessel were reported. This study included thirteen various embolization cases and four visceral vessels angioplasties cases. The success of catheterization by using this technique was achieved in all cases, without complication on the anchored vessels.

CBCT-Based Image Guidance for Percutaneous Access: Electromagnetic Navigation Versus 3D Image Fusion with Fluoroscopy Versus Combination of Both Technologies-A Phantom Study.

PURPOSE: We set out to compare three types of three-dimensional CBCT-based imaging guidance modalities in a phantom study: image fusion with fluoroscopy (IF), electromagnetic navigation (EMN) and the association of both technologies (CEMNIF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four targets with a median diameter of 11 mm [first quartile (Q1): 10; third quartile (Q3): 12] with acute angle access (z-axis < 45°) and four targets of 10 mm [8-15] with large angle access (z-axis > 45°) were defined on an abdominal phantom (CIRS, Meditest, Tabuteau, France). Acute angle access targets were punctured using IF, EMN or CEMNIF and large angle access targets with EMN by four operators with various experiences. Efficacy (target reached), accuracy (distance between needle tip and target center), procedure time, radiation exposure and reproducibility were explored and compared. RESULTS: All targets were reached (100% efficacy) by all operators. For targets with acute angle access, procedure times (EMN: 265 s [236-360], IF: 292 s [260-345], CEMNIF: 320 s [240-333]) and accuracy (EMN: 3 mm [2-5], IF: 2 mm [1-3], CEMNIF: 3 mm [2-4]) were similar. Radiation exposure (EMN: 0; IF: 708 mGy.cm2 [599-1128]; CEMNIF: 51 mGy.cm2 [15-150]; p < 0.001) was significantly higher with IF than with CEMNIF and EMN. For targets with large angle access, procedure times (EMN: 345 s [259-457], CEMNIF: 425 s [340-473]; p = 0.01) and radiation exposure (EMN: 0, CEMIF: 159 mGy.cm2 [39-316]; p < 0.001) were significantly lower with EMN but with lower accuracy (EMN: 4 mm [4-6] and CEMNIF: 4 mm [3, 4]; p = 0.01). The operator's experience did not impact the tested parameters regardless of the technique. CONCLUSION: In this phantom study, EMN was not limited to acute angle targets. Efficacy and accuracy of puncture for acute angle access targets with EMN, IF or CEMNIF were similar. CEMNIF is more accurate for large angle access targets at the cost of a slightly higher procedure time and radiation exposure.

Myocardial native T2 measurement to differentiate light-chain and transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis and assess prognosis.

BACKGROUND: To assess the diagnostic and prognosis value of myocardial native T2 measurement in the distinction between Light-chain (AL) and Transthyretin (ATTR) cardiac amyloidosis (CA). METHODS: Forty-four patients with CA (24 AL; 20 ATTR) and 40 healthy subjects underwent 1.5 T cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). They all underwent T1 and T2 mapping (modified Look-Locker inversion recovery), cine and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging. The Query Amyloid Late Enhancement (QALE) score, myocardial native T2, T1 and extra cellular volume fraction (ECV) were calculated for all patients. RESULTS: Of the 44 patients, 36 (82%) exhibited enhancement on LGE images. Mean QALE score of AL (7.9 ± 6) and ATTR (10.5 ± 5) patients were similar (p = 0.6). Myocardial native T2 was significantly (p < 0.0001) higher in AL (63.2 ± 4.7 ms) than in ATTR (56.2 ± 3.1 ms) patients, and both higher (p < 0.001) than healthy subjects (51.1 ± 3.1 ms). Myocardial native T2 was highly correlated with myocardial native T1 (Spearman's rho = 0.79; p < 0.001) and exhibited higher diagnostic performance than T1 to separate AL and ATTR patients: the area under curve (AUC) of T2 was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.86-1, p < 0.001) and the AUC of T1 was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.62-0.91, p = 0.03). Myocardial native T2 did not impact overall survival in patients (HR 1.03 (0.94-1.12); p = 0.53) in contrast to ECV that was the best predictor of outcome (HR 1.66 per 0.1 increase in ECV (1.24-2.22); p = 0.0006). CONCLUSIONS: Myocardial native T2 significantly is increased in CA, especially in AL patients in comparison to ATTR patients. Myocardial native T2 does not impact survival in CA patients in contrast to ECV that was the best predictor of outcome. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Trial Registration and unique number: CNIL cardio 1778041. Date of registration: 20 December 2012.

Accuracy of a Cone-Beam CT Virtual Parenchymal Perfusion Algorithm for Liver Cancer Targeting during Intra-arterial Therapy.

PURPOSE: To evaluate accuracy of virtual parenchymal perfusion (VPP) algorithm developed for targeting liver cancer during intra-arterial therapy (IAT) using cone-beam CT guidance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: VPP was retrospectively applied to 15 patients who underwent IAT for liver cancer. Virtual territory (VT) was estimated after positioning a virtual injection point on nonselective dual-phase (DP) cone-beam CT images acquired during hepatic arteriography at the same position chosen for selective treatment. Targeted territory (TT) was used as the gold standard and was defined by parenchymal phase enhancement of selective DP cone-beam CT performed before treatment start. Qualitative evaluation of anatomic conformity between VT and TT was performed using a 3-rank scale (poor, acceptable, excellent) by 3 double-blinded readers. VT and TT were also quantitatively compared using spatial overlap-based (Dice similarity coefficient [DSC], sensitivity, and positive predictive value), distance-based (mean surface distance [MSD]), and volume-based (absolute volume error and correlation between pairwise volumes) metrics. Interreader agreement was evaluated for the 2 evaluation methods. RESULTS: Eighteen DP cone-beam CT scans were performed. Qualitative evaluation showed excellent overlap between VT and TT in 88.9%-94.4%, depending on the readers. DSC was 0.78 ± 0.1, sensitivity was 80%, positive predictive value was 83%, and MSD was 5.1 mm ± 2.4. Absolute volume error was 15%, and R2 Pearson correlation factor was 0.99. Interreader agreement was good for both qualitative and quantitative evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: VPP algorithm is accurate and reliable in identification of liver arterial territories during IAT using cone-beam CT guidance.

Three-dimensional Image Fusion Guidance for Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Placement.

INTRODUCTION: To assess the safety, feasibility and effectiveness of image fusion guidance with pre-procedural portal phase computed tomography with intraprocedural fluoroscopy for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All consecutive cirrhotic patients presenting at our interventional unit for TIPS creation from January 2015 to January 2016 were prospectively enrolled. Procedures were performed under general anesthesia in an interventional suite equipped with flat panel detector, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and image fusion technique. All TIPSs were placed under image fusion guidance. After hepatic vein catheterization, an unenhanced CBCT acquisition was performed and co-registered with the pre-procedural portal phase CT images. A virtual path between hepatic vein and portal branch was made using the virtual needle path trajectory software. Subsequently, the 3D virtual path was overlaid on 2D fluoroscopy for guidance during portal branch cannulation. Safety, feasibility, effectiveness and per-procedural data were evaluated. RESULTS: Sixteen patients (12 males; median age 56 years) were included. Procedures were technically feasible in 15 of the 16 patients (94%). One procedure was aborted due to hepatic vein catheterization failure related to severe liver distortion. No periprocedural complications occurred within 48 h of the procedure. The median dose-area product was 91 Gy cm2, fluoroscopy time 15 min, procedure time 40 min and contrast media consumption 65 mL. Clinical benefit of the TIPS placement was observed in nine patients (56%). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that 3D image fusion guidance for TIPS is feasible, safe and effective. By identifying virtual needle path, CBCT enables real-time multiplanar guidance and may facilitate TIPS placement.